Jump to content
Check your account email address ×

Italy's suffering offers potential terrifying coronavirus preview for US


Recommended Posts

Just look at Italy and do the math, we should just bite the bullet and lock it down.

Quote

 

Italy's suffering offers potential terrifying coronavirus preview for US

A tsunami of coronavirus victims that is overwhelming health systems in Italy offers a frightening preview of what could lie ahead for the United States as case counts grow and hospitals run out of space and equipment to treat those with severe symptoms.

The strain is so great in Italy that the nation's doctors have begun rationing care, making heart-wrenching decisions about who gets treatment and who is left to die. Obituary pages in local newspapers are running dozens of pages. Piles of coffins are stacked in parking lots.

"Too many for [the] crematory to burn," Raffaele De Francesco, a microbiologist at the University of Milan, said in an email.

Just over a month after the hardest-hit Lombardy region confirmed its first case of the coronavirus, almost 64,000 Italians have been diagnosed with COVID-19 - or about 1 percent of the total population in a nation of 60 million. Of those, 6,077 have died, according to the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control.

That case fatality rate, nearly 10 percent, though inflated because the true number of infected victims is not known, is the highest reported in the world. It is a direct result of a health system stretched far beyond its capacity, and the need to deny care to the elderly and those who are already sick.

The Italian outbreak started sometime in February, even before a man in Lombardy was diagnosed with COVID-19. That man did not have any recent history of traveling abroad, and he had not had contact with Italy's first cases of the virus, two Chinese tourists in Rome.

But he had come into contact with hundreds of others in the days before he fell ill. Within 24 hours, Italy had recorded three dozen cases.

"Basically, overnight they went from three cases to dozens and hundreds," said Cristiana Salvi, a World Health Organization spokeswoman who deployed to her native country in the first days of the outbreak. "They basically had a very narrow window for containment."

Italy's epidemic was especially severe because of the nation's aging population. As of March 15, the Journal of the American Medical Association reported the median COVID-19 victim was 64 years old, though the youngest person who had died was in their 30s.

Two and a half weeks after the initial outbreak, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte ordered a lockdown in the northern provinces hardest hit by the disease, followed by a national lockdown a day later.

Even under the lockdown, case counts continued to balloon. Only in recent days has the number of new cases begun to slow, a function of a virus that can incubate for up to two weeks before someone shows symptoms. Italy has reported fewer new cases in both of the last two days, an indicator that officials are watching with cautious optimism.

"We are starting now to see some effects of [the lockdown], but of course it takes more time to see a big decline," Salvi said. "We cannot drop the guard."

The new cases in the last few days still number in the thousands, a stark reminder that an out-of-control epidemic can take weeks to corral.

A tsunami of coronavirus victims that is overwhelming health systems in Italy offers a frightening preview of what could lie ahead for the United States as case counts grow and hospitals run out of space and equipment to treat those with severe symptoms.

© Getty Images Italy's suffering offers potential terrifying coronavirus preview for US

The strain is so great in Italy that the nation's doctors have begun rationing care, making heart-wrenching decisions about who gets treatment and who is left to die. Obituary pages in local newspapers are running dozens of pages. Piles of coffins are stacked in parking lots.

"Too many for [the] crematory to burn," Raffaele De Francesco, a microbiologist at the University of Milan, said in an email.

Just over a month after the hardest-hit Lombardy region confirmed its first case of the coronavirus, almost 64,000 Italians have been diagnosed with COVID-19 - or about 1 percent of the total population in a nation of 60 million. Of those, 6,077 have died, according to the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control.

That case fatality rate, nearly 10 percent, though inflated because the true number of infected victims is not known, is the highest reported in the world. It is a direct result of a health system stretched far beyond its capacity, and the need to deny care to the elderly and those who are already sick.

The Italian outbreak started sometime in February, even before a man in Lombardy was diagnosed with COVID-19. That man did not have any recent history of traveling abroad, and he had not had contact with Italy's first cases of the virus, two Chinese tourists in Rome.

But he had come into contact with hundreds of others in the days before he fell ill. Within 24 hours, Italy had recorded three dozen cases.

"Basically, overnight they went from three cases to dozens and hundreds," said Cristiana Salvi, a World Health Organization spokeswoman who deployed to her native country in the first days of the outbreak. "They basically had a very narrow window for containment."

Italy's epidemic was especially severe because of the nation's aging population. As of March 15, the Journal of the American Medical Association reported the median COVID-19 victim was 64 years old, though the youngest person who had died was in their 30s.

Two and a half weeks after the initial outbreak, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte ordered a lockdown in the northern provinces hardest hit by the disease, followed by a national lockdown a day later.

Even under the lockdown, case counts continued to balloon. Only in recent days has the number of new cases begun to slow, a function of a virus that can incubate for up to two weeks before someone shows symptoms. Italy has reported fewer new cases in both of the last two days, an indicator that officials are watching with cautious optimism.

"We are starting now to see some effects of [the lockdown], but of course it takes more time to see a big decline," Salvi said. "We cannot drop the guard."

The new cases in the last few days still number in the thousands, a stark reminder that an out-of-control epidemic can take weeks to corral.

Health officials in the United States and around the world are now warning that what has happened in Italy is just a preview of what may happen here, as the number of cases in America balloon out of control.

"In some countries the situation will get worse before it gets better," Maria Van Kerkhove, head of emerging diseases and zoonosis at the World Health Organization (WHO), told reporters on Monday. The WHO has warned that the United States is at risk of becoming the next epicenter of the sprawling pandemic.

Governors of at least 17 states have ordered residents to stay at home, but President Trump has not issued a similar dictum to the Italian lockdown. Trump on Tuesday signaled for a second day in a row that that the United States will have to open for business, a signal he wants to relax policies that have kept people at home. Trump said shutting the nation's economy for months would cost even more lives.

But the prospect of relaxing social distancing rules and reopening parts of the economy would almost certainly lead to a coronavirus case curve that would grow, rather than flatten.

Trump's comments, and scenes like packed spring break beaches and bustling farmer's markets, reflect a broader concern in the public health community - that Americans have yet to grasp just how serious the pandemic has become.

"Somehow people are not processing the gravity of the situation, and that is what happened in Italy," said Janet Baseman, an epidemiologist at the University of Washington.

In Italy, Salvi said Conte's government had quickly heeded the advice of public health experts.

"The government, the decisionmakers are really listening to the scientists. The measures they are putting in place are responding to scientific evidence," Salvi said.

Even then, the grim statistics in Italy are directly analogous to what is already happening in the United States, and what the nation's next few weeks and months could look like.

America is actually adding cases at a faster pace than Italy did in the first days of its outbreak: It took 16 days for the number of cases in America to grow from 100 to 10,000, a day faster than Italy recorded the same growth. As that growth continues, hospital systems in the United States will become overwhelmed, potentially more quickly than in Italy: Italy has more hospital beds per capita, at 3.2 per thousand residents, than the United States, which has 2.8 beds per thousand, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. World Bank statistics show Italy also has more health care workers per capita than the United States.

The coronavirus is spreading unevenly throughout the United States, as it did in Italy. What began as an epidemic in the Seattle area has now become a crisis in the New York City metropolitan area, where officials say the attack rate - or the percentage of the population who have contracted the disease - has grown to about one in a thousand people.

That figure will rise in the coming days and weeks, even without strict interventions, because of the incubation period between when someone is infected and when they begin to show symptoms. But drastic steps can still help bend the curve lower, experts said.

Asked what lessons Americans should take from Italians, De Francesco, the Italian microbiologist, was blunt.

"Lockdown, lockdown, lockdown," he wrote. "Totally. Everywhere. The sooner the better."

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/italys-suffering-offers-potential-terrifying-coronavirus-preview-for-us/ar-BB11EFnC#image=BBZaM5o|3

 

  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  • Slide 6 of 49: Canada's Leader of the Government in the House of Commons Pablo Rodriguez speaks in the House of Commons as legislators convene to give the government power to inject billions of dollars in emergency cash to help individuals and businesses through the economic crunch caused by the novel coronavirus outbreak, on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada March 24, 2020. REUTERS/Blair Gable     TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
  •  
  • Slide 7 of 49: A picture shows the closed shops and cafes in an empty street, with the Eiffel Tower in the background, in Paris, at night on March 24, 2020, on the eight day of a lockdown aimed at curbing the spread of the COVID-19 (novel coronavirus) in France. (Photo by Ludovic MARIN / AFP) (Photo by
  •  
  • Slide 8 of 49: People practice social distancing as they sit on chairs spread apart in a waiting area for take-away food orders at a shopping mall in hopes of preventing the spread of the coronavirus in Bangkok, Thailand, Tuesday, March 24, 2020.
  •  
  •  
  •  
  • Slide 15 of 49: Daily wage workers left jobless due to travel restrictions aimed at containing the coronavirus, wait their turn to receive free food in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Tuesday, March 24, 2020.  According to the World Health Organization, most people recover from the virus in about two to six weeks, depending on the severity of the illness. (
  •  
  • Slide 16 of 49: Two delivery boys on bicycles are seen, as the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues in Edinburgh, Scotland, Britain, March 24, 2020.
  •  
  • Slide 17 of 49: A woman looks at her mobile phone as she sits near a fountain which has its statues covered with mouth masks in Antwerp, Belgium, Tuesday, March 24, 2020. Belgium's stores, schools, restaurants and bars have closed and citizens have been asked to stay at home or to maintain a social distance from others. The highly contagious COVID-19 coronavirus can cause mild symptoms, but for some it can cause severe illness including pneumonia.
  •  
  • Slide 18 of 49: New York Governor Andrew Cuomo speaks in front of stacks of medical protective supplies during a news conference at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center which will be partially converted into a temporary hospital during the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in New York City, New York, U.S., March 24, 2020.
  •  
  • Slide 19 of 49: Tailors sew protective masks at a workshop of the Aviatsiya Halychyny brand, which changed its production lines from fashion clothing to produce protective masks to contain the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Lviv, Ukraine March 24, 2020.
  •  
  • Slide 20 of 49: A resident looks through a metal door while military police walk through the neighborhood to verify that the population follows the curfew order, as part of the measures against the spreading of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in Tegucigalpa, Honduras March 24, 2020.
  •  
  • Slide 21 of 49: A security guard stands by beds installed inside the Festival palace  as Cannes Mayor David Lisnard decided to open a part of the palace to welcome needy and homeless as a lockdown is imposed to slow the rate of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in France, March 24, 2020.
  •  
  • Slide 22 of 49: A woman walks her dog under a "don't panic" sign hanging at the entrance of a food market that was shut down in order to reduce the spread of the coronavirus, in Tel Aviv, Israel, Monday, March 23, 2020. In Israel daily life has largely shut down with COVID-19 cases multiplying greatly over the past week. (
  •  
  • Slide 23 of 49: A woman stands inside the disinfection chamber at Juanda International Airport, in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, March 24
  •  
  • Slide 24 of 49: Military vehicles cross Westminster Bridge after members of the 101 Logistic Brigade delivered a consignment of medical masks to St Thomas' hospital on March 24, in London, England. British Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, announced strict lockdown measures urging people to stay at home and only leave the house for basic food shopping, exercise once a day and essential travel to and from work.
  •  
  • Slide 25 of 49: Security personnel wearing facemasks patrol on the streets in Shaheen Bagh area after removing demonstrators continuously protesting against a new citizenship law, while the government imposed a lockdown as a preventive measure against the COVID-19 novel coronavirus in New Delhi on March 24.
  •  
  • Slide 26 of 49: The Ruby Princess Cruise Ship is seen off the coast of Sydney on March 24, in Sydney, Australia. A passenger of the Ruby Princess who tested positive to COVID-19 has died in hospital this morning. There have been 133 cases of COVID-19 connected to the Ruby Princess.
  •  
  • Slide 27 of 49: People wearing facemasks buy supplies at a crowded vegetable market at Piliyandala on the outskirts of Sri Lanka's capital city Colombo on March 24, as the authorities briefly lifted a curfew to allow residents to stock up on essentials amid concerns over the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus.
  •  
  • Slide 28 of 49: Community organizer Henry Liu maintains social distance while greeting a resident as InterIm Community Development Association delivers free food to seniors in the Chinatown-International District during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Seattle, Washington,  March 23.
  •  
  •  
  • Slide 30 of 49: Employees eating during lunch break at an auto plant of Dongfeng Honda on March 23 in Wuhan in China's central Hubei province. - People in central China, where the COVID-19 coronavirus was first detected, are now allowed to go back to work and public transport has restarted, as some normality slowly returns after a two-month lockdown.
  •  
  • Slide 31 of 49: Employees eating during lunch break at an auto plant of Dongfeng Honda on March 23 in Wuhan in China's central Hubei province. - People in central China, where the COVID-19 coronavirus was first detected, are now allowed to go back to work and public transport has restarted, as some normality slowly returns after a two-month lockdown.
  •  
  • Slide 32 of 49: Timed to the current outbreak of the worldwide coronavirus, Covid-Free Cupcakes with icing masks are on display in the Cheesecake House and Restaurant in Bangkok, Thailand, Monday, March 23, 2020. The cupcakes cost just under a U.S. dollar.  (
  •  
  • Slide 33 of 49: President Donald Trump speaks about the coronavirus in the James Brady Briefing Room, Monday, March 23, 2020, in Washington, as Attorney General William Barr and Dr. Deborah Birx, White House coronavirus response coordinator, listen. (
  •  
  • Slide 34 of 49: Medical staff watch people waiting in line to get a coronavirus test outside the La Timone hospital in Marseille, southern France, Monday March 23, 2020. For most people, the new coronavirus causes only mild or moderate symptoms. For some it can cause more severe illness. (
  •  
  • Slide 35 of 49: TUNIS, TUNISIA - MARCH 23: Streets are seen empty after the nation-wide quarantine was declared as part of measures to halt the spread of the novel coronavirus pandemic in Sidi Bou Said town, near Tunis, Tunisia  on March 23, 2020. (Photo by
  •  
  • Slide 36 of 49: NITEROI, BRAZIL - MARCH 23: Members of a cleaning crew wearing protective suits spray public places with a disinfectant solution at Icarai neighborhood on March 23, 2020 in Niteroi, Brazil. These measures are aimed at stopping the spreading of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. According to the Ministry of Health, as of Monday, March 23, Brazil had 1.546 confirmed cases of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and at least 25 recorded deaths. (Photo by
  •  
  • Slide 37 of 49: LONDON, ENGLAND - MARCH 23: Seating areas closed off at McDonalds, Eltham branch, during the last day of trading on March 23, 2020 in London, England. McDonald's, Nando's and Costa Coffee were among the businesses who closed their UK stores this week due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Last week, the British government ordered all restaurants to close but exempted those offering take-out. Several closed nonetheless, citing the wellbeing of their employees and customers.  (Photo by
  •  
  • Slide 38 of 49: Employees of the Vienna International Airport reload boxes with medical protective gear during the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at the Vienna International Airport in Schwechat, Austria March 23, 2020. Georg Hochmuth/Pool via REUTERS
  •  
  • Slide 39 of 49: Filipino street dwellers rest in tents, set up as a makeshift evacuation centre, amid the coronavirus outbreak, in Manila, Philippines, March 23, 2020. REUTERS/Eloisa Lopez     TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
  •  
  • Slide 40 of 49: A woman wearing a face mask arrives at the South Municipal cemetery in Madrid, on March 23, 2020, to attend the burial of a man who died of the new coronavirus. - The coronavirus death toll in Spain surged to 2,182 after 462 people died within 24 hours, the health ministry said. The death rate showed a 27-percent increase on the figures released a day earlier, with the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 rising to 33,089 in Spain, one of the worst-hit countries in the world after China and Italy. (Photo by BALDESCA SAMPER / AFP) (Photo by BALDESCA SAMPER/AFP via Getty Images)
  •  
  • Slide 41 of 49: IZMIR, TURKEY - MARCH 23: A drone photo shows nearly empty highways after precautions against coronavirus (Covid-19), including call for "stay home" and the curfew to people over 65, are taken in Izmir, Turkey on March 23, 2020. (Photo by Mahmut Serdar Alakus/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
  •  
  • Slide 42 of 49: Alice and Joseph Wilkinson take part in a youtube P.E. class at their home in Manchester, as the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues, in Manchester, Britain, March 23, 2020. REUTERS/Phil Noble
  •  
  • Slide 43 of 49: A Buddhist monk has his temperature checked after a chant session in a pagoda in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Monday, Mar. 23, 2020. Buddhist pagodas in Cambodia on Monday offered prayer, chanting and strikes of gongs and drums in attempts to chase away the new coronavirus. (AP Photo/Heng Sinith)
  •  
  • Slide 44 of 49: Workers assemble a temporary field hospital at the Pacaembu Stadium during the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Sao Paulo, Brazil, March 23, 2020. REUTERS/Amanda Perobelli
  •  
  • Slide 45 of 49: People travel in a crowded bus to return to their cities and villages before the start of the lockdown by West Bengal state government to limit the spreading of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in Kolkata, India March 23, 2020. REUTERS/Rupak De Chowdhuri     TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
  •  
  • Slide 46 of 49: Prime Minister Scott Morrison covers his mouth during Question Time in the House of Representatives at Parliament House on March 23, 2020 in Canberra, Australia. Parliament is sitting as scheduled but with restrictions in place to limit the number of people in chamber to observe social distancing rules in place due to COVID-19. Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced late on Sunday that from midday Monday, venues such as bars, clubs, nightclubs, cinemas, gyms and restaurants, along with anywhere people remain static would be closed. Schools remain open but parents have the option to keep children at home if they wish while Victoria is bringing forward school holidays from Tuesday. There are now 1353 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Australia and the death toll now stands at seven.
  •  
  • Slide 47 of 49: A medical staff of general practitioners walk in front of their coronavirus disease (COVID-19) test center set up outside a doctor's office in a tent at Berlin's Reinickendorf district, Germany, March 23, 2020.
  •  
  • Slide 48 of 49: The relative of an inmate cries outside La Modelo jail in Bogota, Colombia, Sunday, March 22, 2020. Violence broke out in the prison out of inmates' fears that authorities are not doing enough to prevent coronavirus inside overcrowded prisons.
  •  
  • Slide 49 of 49: People wearing protective face masks, sit on social distancing benches at a bus station after many workers crowded the terminal station to return to their cities after many activities have been closed due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, Thailand March 22, 2020.

 

  •  
Link to comment
Share on other sites

2 minutes ago, f7ben said:

 But derp....the average age of citizens in Italy is 107 derp....and they all smoke 2 cartons of cigs a day derp!!   DEERRRRRRP

And they are dying because of their socialist medicine deeerpppp

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Quote

Two and a half weeks after the initial outbreak, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte ordered a lockdown in the northern provinces hardest hit by the disease, followed by a national lockdown a day later.

In hindsight this was a huge mistake.

Link to comment
Share on other sites

16 minutes ago, spin_dry said:

 

I have an appointment to see an orthopaedic at 10:00 this morning to address this pinched nerve I got two weeks ago that besides the pain and discomfort is fucking with the strength and dexterity in my left hand and arm. I'm debating whether to go or not.

Link to comment
Share on other sites

4 minutes ago, Mileage Psycho said:

I have an appointment to see an orthopaedic at 10:00 this morning to address this pinched nerve I got two weeks ago that besides the pain and discomfort is fucking with the strength and dexterity in my left hand and arm. I'm debating whether to go or not.

I had a consult with a Chicago surgeon for hip resurfacing surgery. We weighed the risks. I decided to put it off until this thing blows ever. Part of the reason is that I’ve never had surgery and there’s no clue how I’ll react. The cv is simply an added risk that made it an easy choice to wait. 

  • Like 2
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • Platinum Contributing Member
10 minutes ago, Mileage Psycho said:

I have an appointment to see an orthopaedic at 10:00 this morning to address this pinched nerve I got two weeks ago that besides the pain and discomfort is fucking with the strength and dexterity in my left hand and arm. I'm debating whether to go or not.

Put it off.

  • Like 1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

2 hours ago, spin_dry said:

I had a consult with a Chicago surgeon for hip resurfacing surgery. We weighed the risks. I decided to put it off until this thing blows ever. Part of the reason is that I’ve never had surgery and there’s no clue how I’ll react. The cv is simply an added risk that made it an easy choice to wait. 

This nerve has been fucking with me since the 16th, my regular back ortho has dissapeared and I had an appointment last Wednesday with a new doc but the office was closed for a deep cleaning......Anyhow I saw a PT last Wednesday and she did an eval, I tried setting up a telemed but since I never saw the new doc that's a no go, doing a telemed with my MD at 10:30 in hopes of getting an anti-inflammatory with some snort.

2 hours ago, steve from amherst said:

Put it off.

I did :thumbsup:

1 hour ago, Mainecat said:

I had 2  appointments cancelled in the last week. Docs did phone instead so you can bill for it...lol

It's a new world MC :thumb: 

  • Like 1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

6 minutes ago, Mileage Psycho said:

This nerve has been fucking with me since the 16th, my regular back ortho has dissapeared and I had an appointment last Wednesday with a new doc but the office was closed for a deep cleaning......Anyhow I saw a PT last Wednesday and she did an eval, I tried setting up a telemed but since I never saw the new doc that's a no go, doing a telemed with my MD at 10:30 in hopes of getting an anti-inflammatory with some snort.

I did :thumbsup:

It's a new world MC :thumb: 

Do you have an inversion table? 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

2 hours ago, spin_dry said:

I had a consult with a Chicago surgeon for hip resurfacing surgery. We weighed the risks. I decided to put it off until this thing blows ever. Part of the reason is that I’ve never had surgery and there’s no clue how I’ll react. The cv is simply an added risk that made it an easy choice to wait. 

Once you've had a few surgeries, it's like a day going to work. Just another day! 

  • Like 1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

4 hours ago, f7ben said:

 But derp....the average age of citizens in Italy is 107 derp....and they all smoke 2 cartons of cigs a day derp!!   DEERRRRRRP

don't forget they all french kiss on the streets and live stacked together like cordwood too. 

Edited by frenchy
  • Like 1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

Patient Infected With Two Strains of COVID-19 In Iceland

Published March 24, 2020

adobestock_325887851-scaled-e1585050201484.jpeg?fit=1000%2C325&quality=99&ssl=1
f54ddb98ea1c8ee23c1238a5110e7cbd?s=70&d=
Words by
Photo by
Adobe Stock

It’s been confirmed that an individual who tested positive for COVID-19 in Iceland has been infected by two strains of the virus simultaneously. The second strain is a mutation of the original novel coronavirus. It is thought that this could be the first recorded dual infection case of this kind.

Speaking to RÚV news yesterday, deCODE CEO, Kári Stefánsson confirmed the unusual infection. It is thought the mutated second strain could be more malicious or infectious because people infected by the dual-strain patient were only found to have the second strain. If this is the case, the virus could be mutating to become more infectious over time. However, Kári was unable to confirm this and suggested it could be a coincidence.

Link to comment
Share on other sites

1 hour ago, ACE said:

God damn it alt lefters are fucking dumb

I'm not sure I've seen retardation levels this high ever before. This place is like a retardation breeding ground.  I come here everyday to be amazed by stupidity and then leave

Link to comment
Share on other sites

2 minutes ago, washedupmxer said:

I'm not sure I've seen retardation levels this high ever before. This place is like a retardation breeding ground.  I come here everyday to be amazed by stupidity and then leave

Often time the retardness goes with you.

  • Haha 2
Link to comment
Share on other sites

Join the conversation

You can post now and register later. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account.
Note: Your post will require moderator approval before it will be visible.

Guest
Reply to this topic...

×   Pasted as rich text.   Paste as plain text instead

  Only 75 emoji are allowed.

×   Your link has been automatically embedded.   Display as a link instead

×   Your previous content has been restored.   Clear editor

×   You cannot paste images directly. Upload or insert images from URL.

  • Recently Browsing   0 members

    • No registered users viewing this page.
  • Trying to pay the bills, lol

×
×
  • Create New...