A proposed rule unveiled by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on April 5 could considerably tighten the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) for power plants, with specific repercussions for coal- and oil-fired generation. 

https://www.powermag.com/epa-moves-to-significantly-tighten-mercury-and-air-toxics-standards/

Natural gas is harvested by private companies.  It is their product to do with as they please.  We could nationalize it though comrades!

2 hours ago, hayward said:

only if it's implementation is subsidized to the hilt.  If it's the cheapest way to produce it, why does it keep going up, and making everyday goods that the lower middle class needs on a daily basis so unaffordable?  

Inflation.  Heating homes with natural gas went up, electricity and transportation from fossil fuels was pretty dang expensive over the past year.

per kWh based wind is the cheapest source of generation with solar coming in a close second.  Combined cycle gas is third.  Hydro is in there as well.  But Nuke and coal are pretty dang spending to generate power with

7 minutes ago, Doug said:

 

https://wpln.org/post/tennessee-residents-are-tired-of-coal-ash-pollution-tdec-could-help/

4.5% of the remaining coal plants are to retire this year in the US.  Here is where they are coming to the end.

In 2023, power plant owners and operators plan to retire 8.9 GW of coal-fired capacity, around 4.5% of the total coal-fired capacity at the start of the year.

https://www.power-eng.com/coal/coal-and-gas-fired-power-plants-make-up-nearly-all-planned-2023-retirements/#gref

 

ew months ago, the New Castle Generating Station, an hour northwest of Pittsburgh, was named one of the most contaminated coal-fired power plant sites in the country. Polluted with arsenic and other toxic chemicals, the facility sits between the village of West Pittsburgh, population 821, and the Beaver River, a tributary of the Ohio River, which serves as a drinking water source for more than 5 million people.
 

https://e360.yale.edu/features/coal-ash-united-states-epa-rule

The Environmental Impact of Lithium Batteries

BY IER

 

NOVEMBER 12, 2020

 

CONTACT THE EXPERT

 

During the Obama-Biden administration, hydraulic fracturing was accused of causing a number of environmental problems—faucets on fire, contamination of drinking water, etc.—but the administration’s own Environmental Protection Agency could not validate those accusations.  Now Biden is planning to transition the transportation sector to electric vehicles that are powered by lithium batteries and require other critical metals where China dominates the market. Mining and processing of lithium, however, turns out to be far more environmentally harmful than what turned out to be the unfounded issues with fracking.

In May 2016, dead fish were found in the waters of the Liqi River, where a toxic chemical leaked from the Ganzizhou Rongda Lithium mine. Cow and yak carcasses were also found floating downstream, dead from drinking contaminated water. It was the third incident in seven years due to a sharp increase in mining activity, including operations run by China’s BYD, one of the world’ biggest supplier of lithium-ion batteries. After the second incident in 2013, officials closed the mine, but fish started dying again when it reopened in April 2016.

Lithium prices doubled between 2016 and 2018 due to exponentially increasing demand. The lithium ion battery industry is expected to grow from 100 gigawatt hours of annual production in 2017 to almost 800 gigawatt hours in 2027. Part of that phenomenal demand increase dates back to 2015 when the Chinese government announced a huge push towards electric vehicles in its 13th Five Year Plan. The battery of a Tesla Model S, for example, has about 12 kilograms of lithium in it; grid storage needed to help balance renewable energy would need a lot more lithium given the size of the battery required.

Processing of Lithium Ore

The lithium extraction process uses a lot of water—approximately 500,000 gallons per metric ton of lithium. To extract lithium, miners drill a hole in salt flats and pump salty, mineral-rich brine to the surface. After several months the water evaporates, leaving a mixture of manganese, potassium, borax and lithium salts which is then filtered and placed into another evaporation pool. After between 12 and 18 months of this process, the mixture is filtered sufficiently that lithium carbonate can be extracted.

South America’s Lithium Triangle, which covers parts of Argentina, Bolivia and Chile, holds more than half the world’s supply of the metal beneath its salt flats. But it is also one of the driest places on earth. In Chile’s Salar de Atacama, mining activities consumed 65 percent of the region’s water, which is having a large impact on local farmers to the point that some communities have to get water elsewhere.

As in Tibet, there is the potential for toxic chemicals to leak from the evaporation pools into the water supply including hydrochloric acid, which is used in the processing of lithium, and waste products that are filtered out of the brine. In Australia and North America, lithium is mined from rock using chemicals to extract it into a useful form. In Nevada, researchers found impacts on fish as far as 150 miles downstream from a lithium processing operation.

Lithium extraction harms the soil and causes air contamination. In Argentina’s Salar de Hombre Muerto, residents believe that lithium operations contaminated streams used by humans and livestock and for crop irrigation. In Chile, the landscape is marred by mountains of discarded salt and canals filled with contaminated water with an unnatural blue hue. According to Guillermo Gonzalez, a lithium battery expert from the University of Chile, “This isn’t a green solution – it’s not a solution at all.”

China is among the five top countries with the most lithium resources and it has been buying stakes in mining operations in Australia and South America where most of the world’s lithium reserves are found. China’s Tianqi Lithium owns 51 percent of the world’s largest lithium reserve in Australia, giving it a controlling interest. In 2018, the company became the second-largest shareholder in Sociedad Química y Minera—the largest lithium producer in Chile. Another Chinese company, Ganfeng Lithium, has a long-term agreement to underwrite all lithium raw materials produced by Australia’s Mount Marion mine—the world’s second-biggest, high-grade lithium reserve.

Recycling Lithium-Ion

In Australia, only two percent of the country’s 3,300 metric tons of lithium-ion waste is recycled. Unwanted MP3 players and laptops often end up in landfills, where metals from the electrodes and ionic fluids from the electrolyte can leak into the environment.

Because lithium cathodes degrade over time, they cannot be placed into new batteries. Researchers are using robotics technology developed for nuclear power plants to find ways to remove and dismantle lithium-ion cells from electric vehicles. There have been a number of fires at recycling plants where lithium-ion batteries have been stored improperly, or disguised as lead-acid batteries and put through a crusher. Not only have these batteries burned at recycling plants, but auto makers are seeing battery-related fires leading to vehicle recalls and safety probes. In October, U.S. safety regulators opened a probe into more than 77,000 electric Chevy Bolts after two owners complained of fires that appeared to have begun under the back seat where the battery is located.

Because manufacturers are secretive about what goes into their batteries, it makes it harder to recycle them properly. Currently, recovered cells are usually shredded, creating a mixture of metal that can then be separated using pyrometallurgical techniques—burning—which wastes a lot of the lithium. Alternative techniques, including biological recycling where bacteria are used to process the materials, and hydrometallurgical techniques which use solutions of chemicals in a similar way to how lithium is extracted from brine are being investigated.

It is estimated that between 2021 and 2030, about 12.85 million tons of EV lithium ion batteries will go offline worldwide, and over 10 million tons of lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese will be mined for new batteries. China is being pushed to increase battery recycling since repurposed batteries could be used as backup power systems for China’s 5G stations or reused in shared e-bikes, which would save 63 million tons of carbon emissions from new battery manufacturing.

Cobalt Extraction Also Poses Environmental Problems

Cobalt is found in huge quantities in the Democratic Republic of Congo and central Africa where it is extracted from the ground by hand, using child labor, without protective equipment. China owns eight of the 14 largest cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo and they account for about half of the country’s output. While China has only 1 percent of the world’s cobalt reserves, it dominates in the processing of raw cobalt. The Democratic Republic of Congo is the source of over two-thirds of global cobalt production, but China has over 80 percent control of the cobalt refining industry, where raw material is turned into commercial-grade cobalt metal.

Like lithium, the price of cobalt has quadrupled in the last two years.

Conclusion

Environmentalists expressed unfounded concerns about fracking, but they need to be worried about replacing fossil fuels in the transportation and electric generating sector with electric vehicles and renewable energy where lithium, cobalt and other critical metals are needed to produce these technologies. Mining, processing, and disposing of these metals can contaminate the drinking water, land and environment if done improperly as seen from several examples. And, since China dominates the global market, it just switches what once was U.S. reliance on the Middle East to U.S. reliance on the People’s Republic.

https://today.duke.edu/2022/09/north-carolina-lake-sediments-show-decades-coal-ash-contamination

An analysis of sediments from five North Carolina lakes near coal-burning power plants has found that coal ash pollution of surface waters has been more persistent and widespread than was previously known.

The findings, from scientists at Duke University and Appalachian State University, show that large quantities of coal ash have been transferred and deposited in lake sediments since the beginning of coal operations in North Carolina.

Coal ash is the residual material from burning coal to generate electricity, and is known to contain hazardous metals including lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, selenium and molybdenum, many of which have been tied to human cancers and other health effects.

The contaminants are not locked into the lake sediments, Vengosh said. A chemical analysis of the pore water within the lake sediments indicated the metals leached out from the buried coal ash and could enter the aquatic food chain. The study appears Oct. 3 in the journal Environmental Science & Technology.
 

 

With out cobalt no fossil fuels get refined.  Cobalt is required for refining petroleum into gas and diesel.

EV’s are less likely to start on fire compared to gas cars.

 

data from the National Transportation Safety Board to track the number of car fires and compared it to sales data from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics.

The result? Hybrid-powered cars were involved in about 3,475 fires per every 100,000 sold. Gasoline-powered cars, about 1,530. Electric vehicles (EVs) saw just 25 fires per 100,000 sold.

Researchers also tallied fire-related recalls filed with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 2020. Gasoline-powered cars were subject to far more recalls for fire risk. EVs came in second and hybrids were a distant third that year

Edited April 8, 20232 yr by BOHICA

6 minutes ago, BOHICA said:

Blue cross/blue shield is # 10?  Da fuck kinda poll is this? 

3 hours ago, BOHICA said:

 

per kWh based wind is the cheapest source of generation with solar coming in a close second. 

Wind and solar Generation is cheap... storage is the issue. Storage of this energy is not cheap.

 

1 minute ago, Cwhite138 said:

Wind and solar Generation is cheap... storage is the issue. Storage of this energy is not cheap.

 

Yep.  Cheapest forms of generation.  Pretty common knowledge to most

1 minute ago, BOHICA said:

Yep.  Cheapest forms of generation.  Pretty common knowledge to most

Having to store this energy makes it less useful. Something most ignore. 

40 minutes ago, hayward said:

Blue cross/blue shield is # 10?  Da fuck kinda poll is this? 

Republicans don’t like Obama insurance.  So it’s not surprising they like blue cross.  Also blue cross is a large plan provider for Medicare supplemental plans which is liked by blue hairs/republicans.

1 minute ago, Cwhite138 said:

Having to store this energy makes it less useful. Something most ignore. 

But while you are using it it’s way cheaper.  Cheapest electricity per kWh for a utility to provide to its customers.  Gas peaked plants are also efficient when renewables aren’t producing.  Coal not so much as it is really expensive and all the toxic substances it releases and toxic waste issues just make it not worth it.

16 hours ago, BOHICA said:

It’s common knowledge wind and solar are the cheapest form of electricity.

No doubt. Yet it's not suited for every geographic location. Ideally there's a mix of energy sources matched for a specific location. That requires an eclectic energy plan. So far there hasn't been leadership in Washington to make that happen. Ever....

dp

Edited April 8, 20232 yr by spin_dry

6 minutes ago, BOHICA said:

But while you are using it it’s way cheaper.  Cheapest electricity per kWh for a utility to provide to its customers.  Gas peaked plants are also efficient when renewables aren’t producing.  Coal not so much as it is really expensive and all the toxic substances it releases and toxic waste issues just make it not worth it.

coal is fucking archaic tech, still dosent change you can't have a full grid based on solar and wind. Makes the cheap generation a moot point in most climates. 

Even solar for a camp is a pain in the ass and requires a back up geni. Or a system that costs more than the fuel and  generator.